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		<title>67.160.12.48 at 23:51, 29 December 2006</title>
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		<updated>2006-12-29T23:51:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:51, 29 December 2006&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Description ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &amp;lt;i&gt;trader principle&amp;lt;/i&gt; is a recognition of the fact that the most effective way of gaining [[value|values]] from others is not by deception or theft, but by trading value for value to the mutual benefit of both parties. This is the application of the principle of [[justice]] to one&#039;s dealings with other men: an individual must not seek from others that which he has not earned, i.e. that which he has not &quot;paid for&quot; to the satisfaction of the other party.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Explanation and Justification ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;From food, clothing, and shelter to automobiles, computers, and pharmaceuticals, the list of human needs is endless. Since man must produce the values he requires to survive, each of these needs opens up an enormous field of work and study. No one man, no matter how great, can master every human endeavor; every minute spent tilling a garden to satisfy one&amp;#039;s need for food is one minute not spent knitting sweaters to keep oneself warm in the winter. If every individual had to produce alone everything he needed to survive, the human race would likely have died out long ago. It would be far more efficient if one person could concentrate his efforts on growing food, another on making clothing, and another on building homes. This is the principle of the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;division of labor&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;From food, clothing, and shelter to automobiles, computers, and pharmaceuticals, the list of human needs is endless. Since man must produce the values he requires to survive, each of these needs opens up an enormous field of work and study. No one man, no matter how great, can master every human endeavor; every minute spent tilling a garden to satisfy one&amp;#039;s need for food is one minute not spent knitting sweaters to keep oneself warm in the winter. If every individual had to produce alone everything he needed to survive, the human race would likely have died out long ago. It would be far more efficient if one person could concentrate his efforts on growing food, another on making clothing, and another on building homes. This is the principle of the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;division of labor&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Other people can be of great value to a man; they can provide him with innumerable benefits, both material and spiritual. The only question is how a man should go about trying to attain these values from others. The most immediately obvious method is to simply &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;take&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; the things one needs. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This &lt;/del&gt;may provide for one&amp;#039;s survival in the short term, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;but &lt;/del&gt;in the long term &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;it actually destroys the &lt;/del&gt;ability &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of others to produce values, and therefore to be of any value &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;oneself&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;As an example&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;say that your neighbor has &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;vegetable garden which has just come to fruition. He labored in that garden for weeks&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and now&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;after months of waiting&lt;/del&gt;, his &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hard work has finally paid off&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;You spot &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;small patch of carrots which look extremely delicious, &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;seeing that your neighbor isn&amp;#039;t home at the moment&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;you walk over &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;his garden, pull up the carrots, &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;take them home with you&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;enjoying them that night at dinner. Although you have gained a small value &lt;/del&gt;from &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;your act (&lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;filling &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;your stomach for a few hours)&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;you have, in fact, caused &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;great amount &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;harm to yourself in the process&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;When your neighbor arrives home he will be distraught; &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;primary reason he planted &lt;/del&gt;his &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;garden in the first place was &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;feed his family and enjoy &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fruits &lt;/del&gt;of his &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;labor&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If this benefit &lt;/del&gt;is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;denied &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;him&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;what motivation does he have for planting &lt;/del&gt;his &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;garden again next year? Furthermore&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;he may have been counting on selling some &lt;/del&gt;of his &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;carrots in order to purchase seeds for &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;next year&lt;/del&gt;&amp;#039;s &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;crop. He now has nothing &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sell&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and so no way &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;planting &lt;/del&gt;his &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;garden again even if he wanted &lt;/del&gt;to. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Even if your neighbor never finds out that it was you who took his carrots&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;you have lost a potentially great source &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;value &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the future. If you do &lt;/del&gt;this to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;enough people&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;you will eventually find yourself without any source &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;food at all&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A much better way &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;go about acquiring food from your neighbor &lt;/del&gt;is to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;offer him something in exchange for it, perhaps something &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which you have an overabundance but &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which he has very little&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;If you make him &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;good enough offer&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;he will accept&lt;/del&gt;, and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;you will both end up benefitting from the trade&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Other people can be of great value to a man; they can provide him with innumerable benefits, both material and spiritual. The only question is how a man should go about trying to attain these values from others. The most immediately obvious method is to simply &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;take&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; the things one needs &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;through the use of physical force&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;While the attainment of concrete goods in this manner &lt;/ins&gt;may provide for one&amp;#039;s survival in the short term, in the long term &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;such a policy is devastating to one&amp;#039;s &lt;/ins&gt;ability to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;live&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;An individual&amp;#039;s focus&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in such &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;case&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;necessarily becomes not reality-centered&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;but other-centered. Such a man becomes intensely focused not on mastering existence&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;but on mastering &lt;/ins&gt;his &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fellow man&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;He becomes &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;parasite in body &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in mind&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;relying on others &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;think &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;produce for him&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;absorbing his ideas blindly &lt;/ins&gt;from &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;those around him as he absorbs &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;product &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;their labor. Thus&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;such &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;policy violates the virtue &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Independence]]&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In turning his focus towards seizing &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;goods produced by others, a man neglects cultivating &lt;/ins&gt;his &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;own ability &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;produce, violating &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;virtue &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Productiveness]] and damaging &lt;/ins&gt;his &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;own [[Self-esteem]]&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Such an individual must concoct elaborate lies to ensure that he &lt;/ins&gt;is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;not caught, violating the virtue of [[Honesty]] and leading &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a constant psychological state of paranoia. Perhaps most importantly&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;by &lt;/ins&gt;his &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Initiation of Force]]&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;such a man negates the judgments and conclusions &lt;/ins&gt;of his &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;victim, inhibiting &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;victim&lt;/ins&gt;&amp;#039;s &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ability &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;make use of his faculty of reason&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the very faculty at the root &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;production. Thus the force-wielder relies on &lt;/ins&gt;his &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;victims&amp;#039; ability &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;produce while destroying that within them which makes production possible&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;When practiced consistently on a widespread basis&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the negation &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the mind &lt;/ins&gt;in this &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;manner leads &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mass poverty and the total collapse of production&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;as is readily evident in the case &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;historic dictatorships&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The proper alternative &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;such a policy is the principle that each individual &lt;/ins&gt;is to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;be treated as an independent producer with the goal &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sustaining and furthering his own life. The proper means &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dealing with other rational men is through negotiation and trade&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Other people should not be &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;primary&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;but when allowed the freedom to fully exercise their capacity of reason&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;they become an enormous (&lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;continuous) secondary source of value&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== See Also: ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Virtues]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;trader principle&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; is a recognition of the fact that the most effective way of gaining values from others is not by deception or theft, but by trading value for value to the mutual benefit of both parties. This is the application of the principle of justice to one&amp;#039;s dealings with other men: an individual must not seek from others that which he has not earned, i.e. that which he has not &amp;quot;paid for&amp;quot; to the satisfaction of the other party.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Rights]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>67.160.12.48</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Trader_Principle&amp;diff=6698&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>24.16.120.9 at 09:10, 23 November 2005</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Trader_Principle&amp;diff=6698&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2005-11-23T09:10:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:10, 23 November 2005&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;From food, clothing, and shelter to automobiles, computers, and pharmaceuticals, the list of human needs is endless. Since man must produce the values he requires to survive, each of these needs opens up an enormous field of work and study. No one man, no matter how great, can master every human endeavor; every minute spent tilling a garden to satisfy one&amp;#039;s need for food is one minute not spent knitting sweaters to keep oneself warm in the winter. If every individual had to produce alone everything he needed to survive, the human race would likely have died out long ago. It would be far more efficient if one person could concentrate his efforts on growing food, another on making clothing, and another on building homes. This is the principle of the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;division of labor&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;From food, clothing, and shelter to automobiles, computers, and pharmaceuticals, the list of human needs is endless. Since man must produce the values he requires to survive, each of these needs opens up an enormous field of work and study. No one man, no matter how great, can master every human endeavor; every minute spent tilling a garden to satisfy one&amp;#039;s need for food is one minute not spent knitting sweaters to keep oneself warm in the winter. If every individual had to produce alone everything he needed to survive, the human race would likely have died out long ago. It would be far more efficient if one person could concentrate his efforts on growing food, another on making clothing, and another on building homes. This is the principle of the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;division of labor&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Other people can be of great value to a man; they can provide him with innumerable benefits, both material and spiritual. The only question is how a man should go about trying to attain these values from others. The most immediately obvious method is to simply &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;take&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; the things one needs. This may provide for one&amp;#039;s survival in the short term, but in the long term it actually destroys the ability of others to produce values, and therefore to be of any value to oneself. As an example, say that your neighbor has a vegetable garden which has just come to fruition. He labored in that garden for weeks, and now, after months of waiting, his hard work has finally paid off. You spot a small patch of carrots which look extremely delicious, and seeing that your neighbor isn&amp;#039;t home at the moment, you walk over to his garden, pull up the carrots, and take them home with you, enjoying them that night at dinner. Although you have gained a small value from your act (the filling of your stomach for a few hours), you have, in fact, caused a great amount of harm to yourself in the process. When your neighbor arrives home he will be distraught; the primary reason he planted his garden in the first place was to feed his family and enjoy the fruits of his labor. If this benefit is denied to him, what motivation does he have for planting his garden again next year? Furthermore, he may have been counting on selling some of his carrots in order to purchase seeds for the next year&amp;#039;s crop. He now has nothing to sell, and so no way of planting his garden again even if he wanted to. Even if your neighbor never finds out that it was you who took his carrots, you have lost a potentially great source of value in the future. If you do this to enough people, you will eventually find yourself without any source of food at all. A much better way to go about acquiring food from your neighbor is to offer him something in exchange for it, perhaps something of which you have an overabundance but of which he has very little. If you make him a good enough offer, he will accept, and you will both end up benefitting from the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;exchange&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Other people can be of great value to a man; they can provide him with innumerable benefits, both material and spiritual. The only question is how a man should go about trying to attain these values from others. The most immediately obvious method is to simply &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;take&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; the things one needs. This may provide for one&amp;#039;s survival in the short term, but in the long term it actually destroys the ability of others to produce values, and therefore to be of any value to oneself. As an example, say that your neighbor has a vegetable garden which has just come to fruition. He labored in that garden for weeks, and now, after months of waiting, his hard work has finally paid off. You spot a small patch of carrots which look extremely delicious, and seeing that your neighbor isn&amp;#039;t home at the moment, you walk over to his garden, pull up the carrots, and take them home with you, enjoying them that night at dinner. Although you have gained a small value from your act (the filling of your stomach for a few hours), you have, in fact, caused a great amount of harm to yourself in the process. When your neighbor arrives home he will be distraught; the primary reason he planted his garden in the first place was to feed his family and enjoy the fruits of his labor. If this benefit is denied to him, what motivation does he have for planting his garden again next year? Furthermore, he may have been counting on selling some of his carrots in order to purchase seeds for the next year&amp;#039;s crop. He now has nothing to sell, and so no way of planting his garden again even if he wanted to. Even if your neighbor never finds out that it was you who took his carrots, you have lost a potentially great source of value in the future. If you do this to enough people, you will eventually find yourself without any source of food at all. A much better way to go about acquiring food from your neighbor is to offer him something in exchange for it, perhaps something of which you have an overabundance but of which he has very little. If you make him a good enough offer, he will accept, and you will both end up benefitting from the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;trade&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;trader principle&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; is a recognition of the fact that the most effective way of gaining values from others is not by deception or theft, but by trading value for value to the mutual benefit of both parties. This is the application of the principle of justice to one&amp;#039;s &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;business &lt;/del&gt;dealings with other men: an individual must not seek from others that which he has not earned, i.e. that which he has not &amp;quot;paid for&amp;quot; to the satisfaction of the other party.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;trader principle&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; is a recognition of the fact that the most effective way of gaining values from others is not by deception or theft, but by trading value for value to the mutual benefit of both parties. This is the application of the principle of justice to one&amp;#039;s dealings with other men: an individual must not seek from others that which he has not earned, i.e. that which he has not &amp;quot;paid for&amp;quot; to the satisfaction of the other party.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>24.16.120.9</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Trader_Principle&amp;diff=6697&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>24.16.120.9 at 09:08, 23 November 2005</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Trader_Principle&amp;diff=6697&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2005-11-23T09:08:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 09:08, 23 November 2005&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;From food, clothing, and shelter to automobiles, computers, and pharmaceuticals, the list of human needs is endless. Since man must produce the values he requires to survive, each of these needs opens up an enormous field of work and study. No one man, no matter how great, can master every human endeavor; every minute spent tilling a garden to satisfy one&amp;#039;s need for food is one minute not spent knitting sweaters to keep oneself warm in the winter. If every individual had to produce alone everything he needed to survive, the human race would likely have died out long ago. It would be far more efficient if one person could concentrate his efforts on growing food, another on making clothing, and another on building homes. This is the principle of the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;division of labor&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;From food, clothing, and shelter to automobiles, computers, and pharmaceuticals, the list of human needs is endless. Since man must produce the values he requires to survive, each of these needs opens up an enormous field of work and study. No one man, no matter how great, can master every human endeavor; every minute spent tilling a garden to satisfy one&amp;#039;s need for food is one minute not spent knitting sweaters to keep oneself warm in the winter. If every individual had to produce alone everything he needed to survive, the human race would likely have died out long ago. It would be far more efficient if one person could concentrate his efforts on growing food, another on making clothing, and another on building homes. This is the principle of the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;division of labor&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Other people can be of great value to a man; they can provide him with innumerable benefits, both material and spiritual. The only question is how a man should go about trying to attain these values from others. The most immediately obvious method is to simply &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;take&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; the things one needs. This may provide for one&amp;#039;s survival in the short term, but in the long term it actually destroys the ability of others to produce values, and therefore to be of any value to oneself. As an example, say that your neighbor has a vegetable garden which has just come to fruition. He labored in that garden for weeks, and now, after months of waiting, his hard work has finally paid off. You spot a small patch of carrots which look extremely delicious, and seeing that your neighbor isn&amp;#039;t home at the moment, you walk over to his garden, pull up the carrots, and take them home with you, enjoying them that night at dinner. Although you have gained a small &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;amount of &lt;/del&gt;value from your act (the filling of your stomach for a few hours), you have, in fact, caused a great amount of harm to yourself in the process. When your neighbor arrives home he will be distraught; the primary reason he planted his garden in the first place was to feed his family and enjoy the fruits of his labor. If this benefit is denied to him, what motivation does he have for planting his garden again next year? Furthermore, he may have been counting on selling some of his carrots in order to purchase seeds for the next year&amp;#039;s crop. He now has nothing to sell, and so no way of planting his garden again even if he wanted to. Even if your neighbor never finds out that it was you who took his carrots, you have lost a potentially great source of value in the future. If you do this to enough people, you will eventually find yourself without any source of food at all. A much better way to go about acquiring food from your neighbor is to offer him something in exchange for it, perhaps something of which you have an overabundance but of which he has very little. If you make him a good enough offer, he will accept, and you will both end up benefitting from the exchange.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Other people can be of great value to a man; they can provide him with innumerable benefits, both material and spiritual. The only question is how a man should go about trying to attain these values from others. The most immediately obvious method is to simply &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;take&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; the things one needs. This may provide for one&amp;#039;s survival in the short term, but in the long term it actually destroys the ability of others to produce values, and therefore to be of any value to oneself. As an example, say that your neighbor has a vegetable garden which has just come to fruition. He labored in that garden for weeks, and now, after months of waiting, his hard work has finally paid off. You spot a small patch of carrots which look extremely delicious, and seeing that your neighbor isn&amp;#039;t home at the moment, you walk over to his garden, pull up the carrots, and take them home with you, enjoying them that night at dinner. Although you have gained a small value from your act (the filling of your stomach for a few hours), you have, in fact, caused a great amount of harm to yourself in the process. When your neighbor arrives home he will be distraught; the primary reason he planted his garden in the first place was to feed his family and enjoy the fruits of his labor. If this benefit is denied to him, what motivation does he have for planting his garden again next year? Furthermore, he may have been counting on selling some of his carrots in order to purchase seeds for the next year&amp;#039;s crop. He now has nothing to sell, and so no way of planting his garden again even if he wanted to. Even if your neighbor never finds out that it was you who took his carrots, you have lost a potentially great source of value in the future. If you do this to enough people, you will eventually find yourself without any source of food at all. A much better way to go about acquiring food from your neighbor is to offer him something in exchange for it, perhaps something of which you have an overabundance but of which he has very little. If you make him a good enough offer, he will accept, and you will both end up benefitting from the exchange.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;trader principle&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; is a recognition of the fact that the most effective way of gaining values from others is not by deception or theft, but by trading value for value to the mutual benefit of both parties. This is the application of the principle of justice to one&amp;#039;s business dealings with other men: an individual must not seek from others that which he has not earned, i.e. that which he has not &amp;quot;paid for&amp;quot; to the satisfaction of the other party.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;trader principle&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; is a recognition of the fact that the most effective way of gaining values from others is not by deception or theft, but by trading value for value to the mutual benefit of both parties. This is the application of the principle of justice to one&amp;#039;s business dealings with other men: an individual must not seek from others that which he has not earned, i.e. that which he has not &amp;quot;paid for&amp;quot; to the satisfaction of the other party.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>24.16.120.9</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Trader_Principle&amp;diff=6694&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>24.16.120.9 at 09:01, 23 November 2005</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Trader_Principle&amp;diff=6694&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2005-11-23T09:01:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;From food, clothing, and shelter to automobiles, computers, and pharmaceuticals, the list of human needs is endless. Since man must produce the values he requires to survive, each of these needs opens up an enormous field of work and study. No one man, no matter how great, can master every human endeavor; every minute spent tilling a garden to satisfy one&amp;#039;s need for food is one minute not spent knitting sweaters to keep oneself warm in the winter. If every individual had to produce alone everything he needed to survive, the human race would likely have died out long ago. It would be far more efficient if one person could concentrate his efforts on growing food, another on making clothing, and another on building homes. This is the principle of the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;division of labor&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Other people can be of great value to a man; they can provide him with innumerable benefits, both material and spiritual. The only question is how a man should go about trying to attain these values from others. The most immediately obvious method is to simply &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;take&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; the things one needs. This may provide for one&amp;#039;s survival in the short term, but in the long term it actually destroys the ability of others to produce values, and therefore to be of any value to oneself. As an example, say that your neighbor has a vegetable garden which has just come to fruition. He labored in that garden for weeks, and now, after months of waiting, his hard work has finally paid off. You spot a small patch of carrots which look extremely delicious, and seeing that your neighbor isn&amp;#039;t home at the moment, you walk over to his garden, pull up the carrots, and take them home with you, enjoying them that night at dinner. Although you have gained a small amount of value from your act (the filling of your stomach for a few hours), you have, in fact, caused a great amount of harm to yourself in the process. When your neighbor arrives home he will be distraught; the primary reason he planted his garden in the first place was to feed his family and enjoy the fruits of his labor. If this benefit is denied to him, what motivation does he have for planting his garden again next year? Furthermore, he may have been counting on selling some of his carrots in order to purchase seeds for the next year&amp;#039;s crop. He now has nothing to sell, and so no way of planting his garden again even if he wanted to. Even if your neighbor never finds out that it was you who took his carrots, you have lost a potentially great source of value in the future. If you do this to enough people, you will eventually find yourself without any source of food at all. A much better way to go about acquiring food from your neighbor is to offer him something in exchange for it, perhaps something of which you have an overabundance but of which he has very little. If you make him a good enough offer, he will accept, and you will both end up benefitting from the exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;trader principle&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; is a recognition of the fact that the most effective way of gaining values from others is not by deception or theft, but by trading value for value to the mutual benefit of both parties. This is the application of the principle of justice to one&amp;#039;s business dealings with other men: an individual must not seek from others that which he has not earned, i.e. that which he has not &amp;quot;paid for&amp;quot; to the satisfaction of the other party.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>24.16.120.9</name></author>
	</entry>
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