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	<updated>2026-07-02T01:24:16Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Talk:Epistemology&amp;diff=7985</id>
		<title>Talk:Epistemology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Talk:Epistemology&amp;diff=7985"/>
		<updated>2006-06-16T22:30:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Bold Standard: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The William James reference in the &amp;quot;Problem of Universals&amp;quot; section is absolutely unfounded.  James was a pragmatist, which means he was a subjectivist.  For him, a concept is valid if, and only if, it serves a practical purpose, and that purpose &#039;&#039;makes it valid&#039;&#039;-- whether it &amp;quot;corresponds to reality&amp;quot; is, for James, irrelevent.  That &#039;&#039;is&#039;&#039; reality, in his view.  In what way this anticipates the Objectivist theory of concepts, is beyond me.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bold Standard</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Primacy_of_Existence&amp;diff=7984</id>
		<title>Primacy of Existence</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Primacy_of_Existence&amp;diff=7984"/>
		<updated>2006-06-16T22:04:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Bold Standard: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The first (primary) [[axiom]] of Objectivism: that [[reality]] is what it is, regardless of [[perception]] or desire (wishing does not make it so). The mind grasps the universe, it does not create it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In other words, &#039;&#039;Existence has primacy over consciousness.&#039;&#039; Any consciousness. Contrast [[Primacy of Consciousness]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is summed up by the expressions:  &amp;quot;Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Wishing won&#039;t make it so.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bold Standard</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Talk:Metaphysics&amp;diff=7983</id>
		<title>Talk:Metaphysics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.objectivismonline.com/index.php?title=Talk:Metaphysics&amp;diff=7983"/>
		<updated>2006-06-16T22:00:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Bold Standard: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I think someone is confusing the Axiom that Existence exists with the Primacy of Existence over Consciousness which is different.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why the use of &amp;quot;Self-&amp;quot; in the &amp;quot;Axiom of Self-Consciousness&amp;quot;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How have they reached the conclusion that Objectivism rests solely on metaphysics, and not equally much on epistemology?  My understanding is that both are necessary to establish a foundation for Objectivism.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bold Standard</name></author>
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